Political Science College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Political Science College - Essay Example The 'things' which he mentions in the title include the physical objects which the soldiers carried with them, and the emotional thoughts and pressures which they had to carry in their minds. These physical and emotional loads were symbolic of and filled with fear, love, grief and their longings. O'Brien specifies the physical loads which all the soldiers carried with them. Many of them were things of common use in the war, while apart from these soldiers also carried things of personal value to them. Soldiers basically carried with them an assault rifle, which is usually carried by soldiers of low rank. Some of them also had grenade launchers, multi-purpose two-pound poncho and even magazines of ammunition. Some included mosquito repellents, chewing gums, marijuana and pocket knives. Their priorities could be seen from the things they possessed. These loads were taken along because it would be of physical help to them in the war. There were other things which gave them psychological support, which made them emotionally strong in facing the war. These things were of great value to them. Lt. Jimmy Cross, carried with him reminders of Martha, his love. Cross has the letters which she sent to him. He occasionally took them out and read, hoping that she would be his sometime in future. He also keeps in his mouth a good-luck pebble, which was given by her. Henry Dobbins was peculiar because he found his girlfriend's pantyhose important and put it around his neck. Ted Lavender found it imperative to calm himself down and so always kept tranquilizers with him. Kiowa preferred the New Testament and kept it safe. While they literally carried these things, they also carried emotions, which were emphasized with their possessions. Cross keeps Martha's reminders and Dobbins puts the pantyhose around the neck in remembrance of their love. It gives them comfort in the war to think about the girls they love. Compasses and maps are also carried by Cross, because he has the responsibility of the lives of his men during the war. Some of them like Lavender carry fear which never leaves him. Apart from all these, the soldiers have the reputation, which puts them under a lot of pressure. They have the responsibility to fight courageously forgetting all their personal thoughts and grieves. Whatever they feel, it must not be taken out when facing their enemies and this demanded a lot of strength. As it is mentioned in 'On the Rainy River,' many of the soldiers might have been forced into war like O'Brien was and they may not have enough strength to fight or face the enemies. Their internal conflicts togethe r with a repulsion towards war, increased their mental sufferings. Even after the war, the soldiers have psychological burdens with the thoughts about their dead fellow-mates and the terror of the war. They are never relieved of its frightening experiences and its thoughts. Thus, the physical and emotional loads which they carry with them to the war are what the author means by 'things.' The things that they carried were of great importance to them, because all of it either physically or emotionally helped them face the war. While the rifles gave them safety, the mosquito repellents made survival easier. The religious books made them brave and courageous and the reminders of love performed a role of relieving their thoughts from the terror of war and fear of lives to a happier and safer future, where they would unite with their

Effects of UK Insurance Industry to the Economy Essay Example for Free

Effects of UK Insurance Industry to the Economy Essay The UK insurance industry is the fourth largest in the world. It comes after USA, Japan and Germany and is definitely a major contributor to the economy. The number of people employed in the insurance industry of UK is increasing day by day. The Insurance industry contributes to the economy by providing businesses and individuals risk management. There are many services this industry provides. It ranges from automobile insurance to life and health insurance. Pension and savings are yet other forms of insurance available. Almost 332,000 people are employed in this industry (Association of British Insurers, 3, 2007). Insurance is another name for risk management. Insurance helps individuals and businesses to avoid financial or other loss. We can say it acts as a hedge against unavoidable or avoidable losses. This risk of loss is then transferred to some other entity, usually the insurance company. In exchange the business or individual seeking risk management gets a premium. The company that provides this risk management or insurance is the Insurer (Mehr et la, 13-45, n. d. ). Almost one third of people working in the entire financial market of UK are employed in the insurance industry. This number is twice the number of people in the car manufacturing companies and almost thrice the number employed in the utility industry. The UK insurance industry is one of the biggest in Europe. This industry gave a record of ? 174bn premium income in the 1990s. Though in the early years of 1990s, due to economic recession the insurance industry was not doing that good, but in the second half this industry started to grow and has been giving large numbers of premium profits since then (IFSL, n. p, 2001). In 17th century trading was in its primitive stages. Industrialization was a new phenomenon. Insurance was one element that fostered the growth of these and hence helped the economy prosper. Due to insurance, businesses were able to take risks and expand themselves. In 1688, GDP of England was approximately ? 6 billion (Lindert Willamson, n. p. 1982). After 1688 to 1759, there was not much growth in the national income. Till 1800 the growth was only 1% per year. At this rate our national income should be about ? 66 billion. However, this is not the case. Today our GDP is more or less ? 1000 billion. The main help in growth of economy came from insurance. Without insurance industry, our nation would have been living in a less prosperous way. Though all of this development is not due to insurance alone but it was the driving force that pushed the economy towards this prosperity. Today, insurance has a very vital role. According to an economist: â€Å"The non-existence of markets for the bearing of some risks in the first instance reduces welfare for those who wish to transfer those risks to others for a certain price, as well as for those who would find it profitable to take on the risk at such prices. But it also reduces the desire to render or consume services which have risk consequences† (Arrow, 945 946, 1963). Insurance is important because it has the ability to transfer risk. This control of risk helps businesses to keep moving forward. Insurance might not be important to people who are indifferent to risks. Such societies might have other forms of risk transfer protocols i. e. family. Hence we can say that in order to find out how much an economy will benefit from insurance, depends upon the culture of that place. In 1990, a study was done by Outreville. He took almost 45 developing countries and found out the relationship between insurance and national income. According to him there is a non-linear relationship between insurance premium and GDP. He also specified that the relation ship might not be that clear but it certainly is a positive one. In the light of his research we can conclude that if the insurance industry generates more premiums then the country might have more income (Outreville, n. p, 1990). Another study was done in 2000 by Ward and Zurbruegg. According to them insurance definitely helps in prosperity of the economy (Ward Zurbruegg, 489-507, 2000). It is also believed that if government tries to take position of the insurance industry it can lead to increase in levels of risks. In 2003, Priest did a research and found out that if the government has a safety net this can also lead to more risks. This safety net is actually savings and loans deposits which are there for the disabled. However, more savings might lead to more claims (Priest, 71-80, 2003). There have been quite some changes in the UK’s insurance industry in the past decade. Many major companies have undergone big changes. Commercial Union and General Accident are now called GCNU. They have merged to form a new bigger company. UK’s London market is also different in its own sense. It contains almost twenty large international insurance and reinsurance companies. It is the centre of world’s insurances. Businesses from all over the world get insured here. Two of its largest insurers, Lloyd’s and the International Underwriting Association of London (IUA), also provide various services (Joe, n. p, 1998).

Cmip Vs. Snmp : Network Management :: essays research papers fc

CMIP vs. SNMP : Network Management Imagine yourself as a network administrator, responsible for a 2000 user network. This network reaches from California to New York, and some branches over seas. In this situation, anything can, and usually does go wrong, but it would be your job as a system administrator to resolve the problem with it arises as quickly as possible. The last thing you would want is for your boss to call you up, asking why you haven't done anything to fix the 2 major systems that have been down for several hours. How do you explain to him that you didn't even know about it? Would you even want to tell him that? So now, picture yourself in the same situation, only this time, you were using a network monitoring program. Sitting in front of a large screen displaying a map of the world, leaning back gently in your chair. A gentle warning tone sounds, and looking at your display, you see that California is now glowing a soft red in color, in place of the green glow just moments before. You select the state of California, and it zooms in for a closer look. You see a network diagram overview of all the computers your company has within California. Two systems are flashing, with an X on top of them indicating that they are experiencing problems. Tagging the two systems, you press enter, and with a flash, the screen displays all the statitics of the two systems, including anything they might have in common causing the problem. Seeing that both systems are linked to the same card of a network switch, you pick up the phone and give that branch office a call, notifying them not only that they have a problem, but how to fix it as well. Early in the days of computers, a central computer (called a mainframe) was connected to a bunch of dumb terminals using a standard copper wire. Not much thought was put into how this was done because there was only one way to do it: they were either connected, or they weren't. Figure 1 shows a diagram of these early systems. If something went wrong with this type of system, it was fairly easy to troubleshoot, the blame almost always fell on the mainframe system. Shortly after the introduction of Personal Computers (PC), came Local Area Networks (LANS), forever changing the way in which we look at networked systems. LANS originally consisted of just PC's connected into groups of computers, but soon after, there came a need to connect those individual LANS together forming

What Happened to Kmart

Case Study – What Happened to Kmart? 1. Evaluate Kmart using the value chain and competitive forces models. What was Kmart's business model and business strategy? Kmart has numerous problems with its value chain. This is evident from the suppliers sending items that the suppliers want to sell, shelves remaining unstocked, the â€Å"hand shifting† reordering process for popular items, products being allocated by central planners and not based on individual store demand, excess inventory stored in 15,000 truck-trailers behind its stores, shrinkage, and having to choose to either ship toothpaste or Christmas trees.Since its entrance as the first discount store in the 1960s, Kmart has not been able to ward off new entrants into the discount chain business. The new entrants, such as Wal-Mart and Target, have come on strong and surpassed Kmart. Kmart's suppliers seem to be calling the shots with the retailer, since they are promoting the items that they can sell and not helpi ng Kmart address its mounting problems. Kmart's customers are voting with their pocketbooks and shopping at its competitors' stores.Kmart uses a promotions-drive business model. The company uses advertising circulars to promote its â€Å"blue-light† specials. 2. What was the relationship of information systems to Kmart's business processes and business strategy? How well did its systems support its strategy? Kmart's information systems and its business processes and business strategy were not in alignment. As an example, the information systems could collect data, but the data were not available for analysis and decision-making purposes.As the case mentions, forecasting decisions were based on management's judgment, not on the data. Kmart's systems did not support its strategy. One of the problems mentioned in the case is that its supply chain management system could not easily accommodate the sharp increases and decreases in demand. The distribution center's outdated technol ogy led to supplies sitting on pallets for 24 hours until they were recorded in the central tracking system. When reordering popular products, the employees would hand sift through previous purchasing receipts. . What management, organization, and technology factors contributed to Kmart's problems? From the case, it appears that Kmart management is inconsistent with its implementation of the company's strategy. Management is unable to use data to forecast demand; it has lost sight of its core competencies, and is unable to change Kmart's image. Although management wanted to restructure its supply chain, it continued to expand its product offerings, as opposed to focusing on the fastest selling items. Mr.Conaway's plan to restructure Kmart has obviously not worked out. Although Mr. Conaway wanted the local stores to make their own stocking decisions, the stocking decisions were still being made by the central planners. When the new system was installed, Mr. Buzek made the comment tha t â€Å"the information would be useless because management just didn't believe in the system. † Although the company uses a promotions-driven strategy, the company reduced its advertising circulars. As the case points out, no other alternative for achieving the strategy was provided.Although Kmart wanted to reinvent its supply chain, management was unwilling to unify the distribution system's two computers because the project was too expensive. From an organizational perspective, the suppliers, central planners, business processes, individual stores, warehouses, and distribution center have definite communication problems and are not sharing data as efficiently as possible. One could argue that very little data sharing is going on. Central planners are making the stocking decisions for the individual stores, but what needs to be stocked at each store is not being effectively communicated.From a technology perspective, outdated technology and incompatible systems were in plac e. The new i2 project did not succeed for a variety of reasons, including the need for more hardware, the inability of the project to connect the point-of-sale systems and inventory systems to the distribution systems, and not being robust enough to handle a large number of SKUs. 4. How important was supply chain management in contributing to Kmart's problems? Evaluate Conaway's decision to use i2 software to improve Kmart's supply chain management.Supply chain management was very important to Kmart. Kmart has been unable to successfully manage its inbound logistics, operations, sales and marketing, service, and outbound logistics. Unfortunately, the company's inability to effectively manage its supply chain led to ineffective advertising, lots of items being overstocked, popular items being understocked, a large product offering, poor communication with suppliers and its business units, items sitting on pallets waiting to be entered into the central tracking system, and shipping pr oblems.The goals for the i2 project were commendable, since the project was supposed to improve Kmart's sales forecasting, inventory sourcing, logistics, and reporting. The project was supposed to facilitate micromarketing, supplier product tracking, order execution, shipment scheduling, and delivery tracking. It is interesting that Mr. Conaway chose i2 Technologies for the new supply chain management project, since i2 Technologies had â€Å"only recent and limited experience in the retail sector. The decision to use i2 Technologies was not a good decision, since the system was not designed to work with the large number of SKUs, Kmart (according to some) wrote off and abandoned some of its i2 software, the project fell behind schedule, and the inability to connect the point-of-sale systems and inventory systems to the distribution systems. 5. Were those blaming software for the collapse of Kmart correct? Explain your answer. Actually, there is enough blame to go around. 2 Technolog ies did a very poor job analyzing and designing the system for Kmart. It also appears that Kmart's management did not get behind the project and was also unwilling to transform its core business processes. 6. It has been said that â€Å"Wal-Mart uses their IT strategically, and they fully integrate it into their operating model. † Does this statement apply to Kmart? Explain your response. This statement does not apply to Kmart.Kmart is using an outdated business model and has been unwilling to change its model. Its unwillingness to change is one of the reasons why Wal-Mart and Target have been able to successfully compete against Kmart and why Kmart is in bankruptcy. 7. List the problems Conaway faced when he took over Kmart, and then describe the short- and long-range policies you would have followed had you been in his place. When Mr. Conaway took over Kmart, he faced several problems, including stiff competition from Wal-Mart and Target.The company was using an outdated bu siness model, spending more money than the competition to get its goods into its stores, its information systems were collecting data but not using it effectively, it had significant problems with its entire value chain, it had a frumpy reputation, its shelves were often empty, it offered a wide range of products, it provided poor customer service, and it did not care about the competition. Students will provide a variety of short- and long-range policy recommendations.

Ihrm, Describe the Main Challenges of International Staffing

IHRM Describe the mains challenges of international staffing. These years, international staffing has become a common setting for MNEs. Over the last decade, globalization and internationalization of marketplaces had brought companies to expatriate their resources on target countries and sectors. It naturally means that they will face lot of new challenges to succeed in their process. Expanding business operations beyond national boundaries while trying to stay effective on the domestic market requires complex and balanced strategies. The most critical determinants stay to keep an effective international esource management. So we will try to summarize the different challenges of international staffing. In a first part I will focus on the different international staffing issues to understand well the challenge dimension. In a second part I will highlight the different challenges raised by the central notion of expatriation. International staffing is the way that companies manage inter national resources, facing different limits like geographic distance or day- ­? to- ­? day relations with headquarters for example. The first challenge could be express through the possibilities for MNEs to choose a certain source f employees. First, the company can send employees and manager from its home country, more known as Parent Country Nationals (PCNs) or expatriates. Second, they can recruit directly Host Country National (HCNs) native from there. Third choice, they can hire Third Country National (TCNs) who is native from another country than the host or the home country. Companies use also different stages of internationalization and staffing strategies. We can observe that companies generally recruit the three types of employees and make them work together. We commonly call that a cross cultural management, illustrated y the idea to take good skills of each culture to bring them to global mind set with added value, in a aim to create efficiency. The success of cross cultural management seems to be a big challenge in international staffing in the way that it comes from the real difficulty to recruit top talents able to be efficient abroad, added to multiple legal issues. It seems also important to describe the four principal international staffing issues that seem to be a numerous challenge in the sense that it will condition your whole international management strategy. The MNEs can choose to use an ethnocentric staffing olicy that refers to the strategy of employ key positions managers from the parent headquarters instead of employing local staff. They will be use to transfer corporate culture to the foreign entity and insure an effective communication with headquarters. Limits are the adaptation of expatriates and relations with HCNs. Second option is the polycentric policy that describes an approach of recruiting HCNs to manage subsidiaries in their own country. So there are no language and cultural barriers and it’s far less expansiv e. But it results a less effective communication with headquarters and then difficulties o coordinate activities. In the geocentric issue the best people are sought for key jobs throughout the organization, regardless of nationality. It enables a multinational firm to develop a pool of senior international managers but it is the most expansive option. To finish, in the regiocentric staffing policy, employees are transferred to positions in subsidiaries in other countries, but stay within the same region (Mayrhofer and Brewster â€Å"In Praise of Ethnocentricity†). It permit to install a regional competition to success but it can also lead to identification and put global objectives on a second cene. Today, most of the international companies choose to expatriate top managers in foreign subsidiaries to control them. But expatriation seems to be the biggest challenge that they have to deal with for the simple reason that it the first reason of failure. The principal value of ex patriation is the quality of communication between PCNs and headquarters. PCNs don’t have any problem of language barrier with home country and actually know the home country top management. They understand their ideas, strategies and goals and by consequences can implement them faster. They also play a rule of knowledge ransfer and actually maintain a knowledge base (laws, politics, cultures, languages†¦) about the complexities of international operations (Downes and Thomas: â€Å"Knowledge Transfer†). Close to this knowledge transfer they serve a mission of corporate culture transmission. So they will implement the company’s culture, its values, believes, mission and follow a certain management style. One big challenge of international staffing is also to overcome the lack of qualified host country nationals because knowledge in special areas is needed and not directly available in some host countries. Erten- ­? Buch and Mattl ave studied the issue in 1 999 and they highlighted the idea of emphasis of expatriation as a means to overcome the lack of qualified host country nationals lies in compensating a long- ­? term lack of a skilled workforce. Expatriation has to deal with lot of difficulties that turn it out in a big challenge for international staffing. It is a big point to insure the well understanding of local business environment. It is also a big challenge to anchor the company in the local country by developing contacts and adjustment to local places, a kind of local emphasis. International staffing needs to face big ultural shocks. Expatriate managers arrive in a complete unknown environment; it creates confusion, disorientation and a certain emotional upheaval. It is a big challenge to cross it fast and with success. Staffing abroad means also deal with costs issues. The most obvious problem for a company when sending an expat abroad to be considered is the extremely high costs involved. The challenge is to measure the interest between insure this cost or insure the less effectiveness you will get by reducing your cost and employ a HCN. Employing an expat in a developed country for a certain period of time can cost p to four times as much as recruiting local staff and eight times as much in developing regions such as Asia Pacific. Failure rates are also a big challenge and a very important issue. Manager’s inability to adept, family related matters, lack of motivation are examples of failures. The rate of those being recalled to the headquarters is between 20 and 50% (Brewster 1991’s report). The major challenge of multinational and often missed by International Human Resources Management is the repatriation (Harvey, 1989). The professional transition into the home office cause a lot of difficulties that are most f the time neglected. It seems to be an unmeasured stage of internationalization. In conclusion we could say that the biggest challenge is to choose an adapted strategy of internationalisation and find out the correspondent staffing issue. Expatriates seem to represent an extremely expansive but not always necessary investment. Telecommunications and travel have made the human resources function of matching up employers and employees much easier over the years. The hiring of top talents will it be enough to cover good headquarters relations and eliminate geographic distance challenges in the future? 2

What Is A Role Model Essays - Association Football, FIFA 100

What Is A Role Model Essays - Association Football, FIFA 100 What Is A Role Model Role Models Introduction Today, sport stars and other athletes are looked up to by all ages. Everyone loves them. They appear on television, there as fame as film stars, and do this with the entire world watching. No wonder we make heroes out of our favorites. They are seen, as heroes because they can do things that most of us cant. But if you examine athletes while theyre not on the court or on the field, you can see what they are like in every dimension. Athletes have many positive and negative sides that affect their public face and both benefit and harm their abilities to become role models and they encourage there fans to become like them rather positive or negative. What Role Models are Today, athletes are known for wealth, privilege, and fame, because of their talent, salary, and positions as leaders, its inevitable that we admire them. We can learn quite a lot from role models like determination and confidence because we try to be like them, you have to love a sport in order to do it well. When we look at athletes, normally you would say that they do everything good and positive, thats how they are when they are on TV or something, but real life do as much bad as they do good. In the news all the time, we hear about people like Stan Collymore or Roy Keane had a fight or something, it will not only affect there reputation but it will make children or even adults that look up to them behave like them. Positive and Negative Role Models Role Models could give a good impression to someone and make their parents or someone proud but they could also give people bad impressions like taking drugs or having lots of alcohol. I have made a table below of a list of role models that give good impressions and the ones who give bad impressions. Positive Impression Negative Impression Thorpe Maradona Ronaldo Hidetoshi Nakata Gary Liniker Paul Merson Tony Adams Eric Cantona Casiraghi Stan Collymore John Fashinu Bruce Gobblar Zidane Romario Well your probably thinking why these people are positive or negative role models, so heres a brief explanation what I think they are positive or negative. Positive Impressions Thorpe, because it he won all medals that he was in for swimming, he was a good athlete to look up to. Casiraghi, I say that he is a good role model, because is still injured and still gets paid, plays for Chelsea but loves to play football so he wants to leave the club and join any team even lower divisions. Gary Liniker, he was one of Englands best footballers and as far as we know he hasnt done anything bad in his life. Tony Adams, an Arsenal defender, you would probably think he is a bad impression because he use to drink a lot, but I say he is a good impression because he stopped drinking for the sake of his health, career and sport. Negative Impressions Maradona, he is known as one of the worlds greatest footballers of all time, but he gives a really bad impression because people tend to copy who they look up to and Maradona takes a lot of drugs and cheated in football, using his hands instead of head. Hidetoshi Nakata, Japans first player to play abroad and Japans best player was not really a good impression because in the World Cup he wasnt really bothered to sing his own National Anthem and in Copa America Japan was invited but he rejected the International Callup. Eric Cantona, former Manchester United player, because he use to foul a lot in football and done a flying kick at someone on live T.V. Stan Collymore, because slapped his girlfriend. John Fashinu, because he use to set-up matches so he could score lots of goals and win. Bruce Gobblar, former Liverpool goalkeeper, because people use to pay him to let goals in and lose. Zidane, Juventus footballer, because he wanted to leave he told everyone his wife wanted to go to Spain so he could leave the club. Romario, was one of Brazils top strikers, in my opinion he is a bad role model, because he use to always bunk the training sessions and sometimes not even attending football matches. Conclusion Although it is good to look up to

The eNotes Blog How to Write Like JaneAusten

How to Write Like JaneAusten Heres a tip: keep some sheep leather and blue gauls handy Yesterday we brought you the recipes to two authors favorite meals, so today I give you the recipe to one authoress writing success: a good leather bound book and a batch of homemade ink. For those Austen enthusiasts feeling particularly crafty, here is the exact recipe for the ink Jane Austen used, provided by her sister-in-law: Take 4 ozs of blue gauls [gallic acid, made from oak apples], 2 ozs of green copperas [iron sulphate], 1 1/2 ozs of gum arabic. Break the gauls. The gum and copperas must be beaten in a mortar and put into a pint of strong stale beer; with a pint of small beer. Put in a little refind sugar. It must stand in the chimney corner fourteen days and be shaken two or three times a day. This iron gall ink would then be applied to the page with an old-fashioned quill. But on the quality of the pages themselves, Austen was quite particular. One of her favorites was a quarto stationers notebook bound with quarter tanned sheep over boards sided with marbled paper. The edges of the leaves [were] plain cut and sprinkled red.   Better find yourself some quarter tanned sheep. No self-respecting Austenite would be caught dead without a sheep leather notebook! Me? I wouldnt spend two minutes mixing my own quill ink, let alone two weeks. I will however, take a moment to appreciate the end result of all that painful Georgian handiwork. From the ease of our computer screens, I give you Persuasion, Chapter 10: Phew, that was tiring just to look at. Yet, an alarming number of writers actually still turn to writing longhand. As Neil Gaiman explained in an interview from last year, writing a draft by hand is helpful because it is tedious. He says of writing Stardust entirely with a fountain pen: It was the first time I’d used a fountain pen since I was about 13. I found myself enjoying writing more slowly and liked the way I had to think through sentences differently. I discovered I loved the fact that handwriting forces you to do a second draft, rather than just tidying up and deleting bits on a computer. I also discovered I enjoy the tactile buzz of the ritual involved in filling the pens with ink. I wonder what tools Jane Austen would have chosen to write with in this day and age? Whatever it might be, Im quite certain it would be lacking in gauls.

Credence

Credence Credence Credence By Maeve Maddox I started wondering about the use of the word credence when I noticed the following headline on an entertainment news site: Al Pacino gives credence to James Gunns ‘Guardians of the Galaxy’ The noun credence (KREE-dns] usually functions as a synonym for credibility or believability. For example, â€Å"The premise of the argument lacks credence.† As much as I enjoyed the Gunn film, I find nothing believable about a tree creature that wins everyone’s affection by saying the same three words again and again, or a genetically engineered raccoon with anger issues. I decided to find out if credence has another meaning that fits the context of that headline. Credence belongs to a family of English words that derive from the Latin verb credere, â€Å"to believe.† For example: credo: a religious belief, a guide to behavior. credible: believable. credential: official documentation indicating that a person may be trusted. credit: favorable reputation; trustworthiness in financial matters. creditable: that which does a person credit, praiseworthy. credulity: a readiness to believe. credulous: inclined to believe on the basis of little evidence. The noun credence occurs most often in the idiom â€Å"to lend (or give) credence to†: It really gives credence to the live singing in the movie to see them actually do it live onstage, Meron said. We  seem to live in a celebrity world. A world where being famous has more credence than being brilliant or a good person. During the McCarthy Era, suspicions were often given credence despite inconclusive or questionable evidence. The study lends credence to what scientists have long suspected: â€Å"If you want to recover birds, you need to recover the food that they’re eating.† Less used is the phrase â€Å"to pay credence to.† It occurs where the verb â€Å"to respect† would usually be clearer and more succinct: Alas, I am a liberal. I am honour-bound to pay credence to the rantings and ravings of other people and not simply discard them for being ridiculous. People dont  pay credence  to cultural health, Simmons said.   Originally, the idea was to  pay credence  to those in our lives who help us succeed. University administrators have become more mediators than foes, as they negotiate how to balance the principles of free speech, to which they pay credence, with students safety and well-being.   I continue to puzzle over the headline. Here are some adjectives that can serve to convey one’s feeling that a thing is believable: creditable probable possible feasible reasonable rational sound admirable Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Mostly Small But Expressive InterjectionsWhenever vs. When EverList of Prefixes and Suffixes and their Meanings

Religions in the Modern World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Religions in the Modern World - Essay Example In his desperate search for a reason to hope, for a reason to believe in a better life now and in the hereafter, man has for time immemorial made recourse to the guidance of a supreme being. He has expressed his belief in this being through diverse forms of worship known as religions. Antiquity had its religions. No period in human history has probably ever witnessed a boom in religions like the modern era. There has been the birth of thousands of religions in the last century, each religion vying for adepts. In an analysis of the number of adherents of the major religions of the contemporary world, the Religious Tolerance website makes allusion to David Barret et al, editors of the â€Å"World Christian Encyclopedia†. According to the editors’ Comparative survey of churches and religions AD 30 to 2200, â€Å"there are 19 major world religions which are subdivided into a total of 270 large religious groups, and many smaller ones. 34,000 separate Christian groups have been identified in the world." According to the same web source, Christianity has the largest (but declining) membership, be it 2,039 million adherents. Islam follows trail with 1,226 million adepts and is a growing religion. Judaism counts 14 million members world wide. Wicca is the smallest religion with only 0, 5 million members. It is interesting to note that the source informs of 775 million persons with no religion. It may not be an overstatement to say that aside Christianity and Islam no other religion has ever attained the degree of fame Judaism has attained, especially in the last century and more so in the last two decades. This is certainly because Judaism is linked to the Jewish nation. This nation has been the object of several controversies. She is the hot pot of political tensions in the Middle East. The Jews or the Israelites believe in their divine right to the land of Palestine. The United Nations (UN) and the Zionists created the state of Israel on 29.11.1947 (E:/theorcracywatch.org/Christian_zionism_israel_forms.htm) Your last name 2. Peace has never existed between the Israelis and the Palestinians since that date. But the Israeli determination to ensure their sovereignty is more than firm. The source of this unshakeable resolve to ensure their autonomy, aside being backed by the constant support of the Zionist is rooted in the historical background of the Jews presented in the Old Testament of the Holy Bible. In one of his works, Professor S. D. Kunin of the Department of Theology and Religion of the University of Durham wrote; "The biblical depiction of God's promise of the land clearly provided a strong religious and emotional tie to specific geographical location, and continues to provide political and religious motivations for many Zionists" (Kunin). It is interesting to discover the link between religion, sovereignty and territory. The biblical depiction mentioned by Kunin is embedded in what is known as the covenant myth. The rediscovery of this myth in the last two decades by the Jews has added more force to the emotional, religious and political ties mentioned by Kunin. Due to this discovery, the Zionists have had more reason to affirm the right of the Jewish nation to be situated where it is today. A criticism of Kunin's statement would necessitate an eminent discussion of the covenant myth and its rediscovery as well as the role of the Zionists in the Jewish nation before any judgement can be made of the merits of that assertion. Judaism, Jewish politics, Jewish social life and culture all draw their origins and inspirations from the old Testament of the Bible. It probably started with the covenant God made with Abraham. (Genesis 12.) Daniel J. Elazar, explaining the rediscovery of the covenant myth in an article entitled; "Covenant as the Basis of the Jewish Political Tradition" published on the Jerusalem Centre for Political Affairs website states clearly states that, "the covenant is as much a

The Role of Managers in Motivating Employees Essay

The Role of Managers in Motivating Employees - Essay Example Reward schemes are recurring themes in research literature, with Milne (2007) identifying that reward and recognition programs impact motivation and performance positively. Rewards, however, do not necessarily have to come in the form of cash payouts. One organization, Snowfly, a consulting organization in Wyoming, has utilized company technologies to create a reward scheme set-up like a Las Vegas game in which employees, when they reach high performance targets, have opportunities to win small cash bonuses or other benefits such as time off from work (Stern, 2007). Setting up such a system would require manager intervention and persuasion, as part of negotiation tactics, as a further advocate for employee reward. Other companies, such as Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Portland, Oregon, believes that these reward structures have improved overall organizational performance and reduced turnover rates in the process (Stern). Â  Even though the administration of the reward schemes would be a responsibility of human resources or information technology, a modern manager recognizes different business models available for motivating employees and works to ensure that these systems are incorporated into the modern business environment. A middle manager would likely report to senior members of staff, therefore they have the ability to create organizational change by persuading senior managers, who might be concerned about costs associated with low performance, to implement a new motivational reward system. Suggestions for the Manager

International Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International Operations Management - Essay Example In the process different business strategies are also learnt and shared by the companies (Plenert, 2002, pp.35-38). The present study focuses on the international operations management and the related theories and considering the Unilever Company and studying the motivation, benefits, process and form of internationalization. Internationalization: Its Motivation, Benefit, Process and Form: The primary motive of a company trying to be global or become internationalized is to earn competitive advantage over other companies playing in the same industry but in other countries, with the help of the advancements in their knowledge and expertise. Motivations can be proactive or reactive that leads a company towards internationalization. Proactive motivations generally result from the company’s intentions to gain competitive advantage over others. A reactive motivation arises when a company plans to internationalize on requirement in a particular economic status of the country or the business. In many cases, expansion of a business to other countries proves to be beneficial in handling the pressures of competition from other companies. The several benefits that underlie the process of internationalization include the company’s being able to spread across the world thus reaching out to greater number of customer and shareholders. Moreover, the company gets to learn the new technologies and processes prevailing or used in the other countries and businesses (United Nations, 2009, p.9). Thus it can be understood that some companies follow the process for the enhanced results for their businesses, while others indulge in expansion as a result of the need for the company. Now in order to process the internationalization of a business, proper method needs to be followed such that the company does not experience a failure. This requires management committees to get involved and decide efficiently on the utilization of resources available to the company. The inves tment requiring finances is an essential factor that needs sufficient decision making. Also, since internationalization would involve expanding the businesses to other countries, several difficulties or problems might arise that the company should be able to encounter and handle effectively (United Nations, 2009, p.10). As far as the process and form of internationalization is concerned, the process would depend on the motivation of the company, its internal and external handling of operations, its similarity with the foreign market, the locations where the company already has its operations, as well as the mode that the company follows in performing its functions (United Nations, 2009, p.11). Considering these motivations, benefits, processes and forms of internationalization of a company can be understood. In the following section, the study would focus on the Unilever Company and its internationalization and try to associate the company’s state with the theories of interna tionalization. Unilever Company and its Internationalization: The Unilever Company is an extremely popular company and has its presence felt internationally. The company has always

Abraham and Jacob Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Abraham and Jacob - Essay Example arity between these two patriarchs rests in the strength of their faith and their obedience to the Lord, which set them apart from the other Hebrews and qualifies them as patriarchs. Abraham is the earliest Hebrew patriarch and plays an important role because God made a covenant with him, to make him the father of a great nation: â€Å"I will establish my covenant between me and you, and your offspring after you throughout their generations.† (Genesis 17:7). God entered into a similar covenant with Jacob at Bethel to bless his offspring with good things: â€Å"†¦..all the families of the earth shall be blessed in you and your offspring†¦.know that I am with you and will keep you wherever you go†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Genesis 28:15). The singular similarity between these two patriarchs is the strength of their faith, which is why they are called and chosen by God to be the patriarchs of the Jewish people. Abraham’s exemplary faith is demonstrated throughout his story, in his prompt obedience to the Lord. When God calls to him and says, â€Å"Take your son, your only son Isaac, whom you love, and†¦.offer him there as a burnt offering† (Genesis 22:2), Abraham does not hesitate to obey, even if it means sacrificing his only son. Jacob is also able to survive in an alien country on the strength of his faith in God. He enters Egypt penniless but when he leaves Egypt, he is a rich man. Despite Laban’s efforts to cheat him on several occasions, the strength of his faith ensures a steady flow of the Lord’s blessings, so that he is able to flourish and thrive and his twelve sons become the forbears of the twelve tribes of Israel. Abraham the patriarch was the flag bearer of God’s covenant with the Hebrew people. Abraham’s role as patriarch is unique in that he was the first one that God selected, promising him that He would make him the father of a great nation. It was after God established his covenant with Abraham that the requirement for circumcision was set out, which forever

Marketing management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

Marketing management - Essay Example They have specialty outlets to cater to niche segments of high spenders as well as sports lovers. One such company is Black’s Leisure Group plc (Blacks) whose principal activity is outdoor and boardwear retailing. The Group operates through two retail chains of stores called Outdoor and ONeill. The core activities of Outdoor comprise of outdoor and boardwear clothing, footwear and equipment, while ONeill functions as a distributor and retailer of ONeill products in UK. In 12 months ending March 2007On sales of  £ 298.276m it suffered a loss of  £ 12.353m. This has improved somewhat for the next 6 month period in current year by September end with sales at  £146.8m with profits at  £0.2m. This cannot be considered final as the annual set offs like depreciation and reserves can only be calculated at the end of the year. Blacks have also closed down 7 loss making stores out of 45 planned for closure. It also continues to face tough competition from top 4 competitors. The overall market of sportswear is certainly increasing but the prices are under pressure due to customer resistance and high degree of competition. The fact is both external environments affect the competitive advantage of companies and therefore the PEST analysis helps the management to deal with situations and formulate strategic policies to overcome, circumvent or even take advantage of these factors. PEST stands for Political, Economical, Socio-Cultural and Technological factors. As they are all external, the company can at best try to strategize to tune itself in accordance with them for survival, sustenance and indeed for growth. Economical factors cover Development of relevant economic indicators, Business cycles, Unemployment and Industry structures. The economic indicators show growth in the UK economy with controlled inflation at around 3%. The economy has experienced an unusually long period

Gender sexuality and law seminar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Gender sexuality and law seminar - Essay Example Non-British people who happened to be in Britain assumed a rebellious attitude and harboured notions of giving it back to the English what they had learnt in terms of equal rights, prerogatives and position in society. This is reflected to this day in modern British society as remnants of the populations who had migrated to Britain in the post colonial era continue to maintain their distinct identities and regional preferences. Although hobnobbing with on equal terms with native English, their resentment and defiance shows its colours from time to time. The author has specifically implied that historical events have a definite impact on the emergence of collective identities in human populations. According to him, the late modern democracy as an entity has emerged out of ‘selected contradictory operations of politicized identity’ (Wilson, pg. 54). Forces of global capitalism and the disciplinary-bureaucratic regimes typical of the colonial period have shaped the politica l identities of people living in the modern world. Quote 2: â€Å"The tension between particularistic ‘I’ and a universal ‘we’ in liberalism is sustainable as long as the constituent terms of the ‘I’ remain unpoliticised....† (Wilson, Pg. ... The perception of ‘I’ imparts s degree of individualism despite remaining part of the mainstream society. This prevents the formation of a politicized identity. The author has specifically illustrated this by giving examples of homosexuals and Jews, as they exist in modern society. While remaining part of the society, both these identities continue to be characterized into a specialist category due to the peculiarities of their identified characteristics. The possibility of existence of democracy has been facilitated in liberalism only due to the fact that what is considered as universal does not have either a body or content i.e. it is an abstract entity. The author believes that social identities are established in modern liberalist democratic societies through the action of liberalism’s companion powers which he names as ‘capitalism and disciplinarity’, originally identified by Marx and Focault (pg. 57). Capitalism’s endeavours in the modern society produce desires in individuals which emerge as identities and disciplinary forces regulate subjects into behaviour-based identities which are recognizable in society. The exemplary examples of such identities provided by the author are those of ‘alcoholic professionals’ and ‘crack mother’ and many more categories can be visualised under this lens. Quote 3: â€Å"Within lesbian and gay rights movements, few, if any, people believe that winning human rights will achieve equality, much less liberation (Herman, pg. 33)†: The author, in his argument entitled ‘Beyond the Rights Debate’ contends that legal academicians’ have diagrammatically opposing inferences on what are considered as ‘rights’ in

Marketing management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

Marketing management - Essay Example They have specialty outlets to cater to niche segments of high spenders as well as sports lovers. One such company is Black’s Leisure Group plc (Blacks) whose principal activity is outdoor and boardwear retailing. The Group operates through two retail chains of stores called Outdoor and ONeill. The core activities of Outdoor comprise of outdoor and boardwear clothing, footwear and equipment, while ONeill functions as a distributor and retailer of ONeill products in UK. In 12 months ending March 2007On sales of  £ 298.276m it suffered a loss of  £ 12.353m. This has improved somewhat for the next 6 month period in current year by September end with sales at  £146.8m with profits at  £0.2m. This cannot be considered final as the annual set offs like depreciation and reserves can only be calculated at the end of the year. Blacks have also closed down 7 loss making stores out of 45 planned for closure. It also continues to face tough competition from top 4 competitors. The overall market of sportswear is certainly increasing but the prices are under pressure due to customer resistance and high degree of competition. The fact is both external environments affect the competitive advantage of companies and therefore the PEST analysis helps the management to deal with situations and formulate strategic policies to overcome, circumvent or even take advantage of these factors. PEST stands for Political, Economical, Socio-Cultural and Technological factors. As they are all external, the company can at best try to strategize to tune itself in accordance with them for survival, sustenance and indeed for growth. Economical factors cover Development of relevant economic indicators, Business cycles, Unemployment and Industry structures. The economic indicators show growth in the UK economy with controlled inflation at around 3%. The economy has experienced an unusually long period

Investigating the Sources and Use of Financial Information in the Essay

Investigating the Sources and Use of Financial Information in the Management of Prison - Essay Example The research proposal is set to investigate the sources and use of financial information in the management of the prison service in England and Wales. Justification There are various sources and uses of financial information in the management of an organization. However, these sources and uses differ from one organization to the other. Financial information is significant to an organization because it assists in rating the performance of the organization. The information also assists in improving financial auditing and management of the organization. Proper management is the key element to the success of any organization. The research is of great importance because it will help the prisons and the government to conduct duties efficiently. Thus, knowing the sources and uses of the financial information will help the government and the prison department in better management of the prison services in England and Wales. Review of Literature The main purpose of the Prison Service in Engla nd and Wales is to offer services to the public by keeping in custody those who have committed crimes; looking after these individuals humanely; and assisting them to lead useful and law-abiding lives during custody and after release. In order to support this purpose, the Prison Service has four objectives: to securely hold the prisoners, to minimize the possibility of prisoner re-offending, to offer well-ordered and safe establishments in which to treat the prisoners decently, lawfully, and humanely, and to offer an effective escort and custody service to criminal courts (Cope 2010, pix). Her Majesty’s Prison Service (HMPS) runs 127 prisons and training centres throughout Wales and England. In a number of key areas, all the 127 prisons run independently with no centralized oversight and operations. The prison service lacks a shared system for the management of procurement, human resources, and finances (Hp 2009, p1). Each of the prison maintains its own exclusive financial s ystem. Data tracking, software, and the staff responsible for handling finances and inputting data vary at each location. Thus, HMPS does not have access to the organization wide view of the finances. Therefore, the prison service has found it difficult to measure its performance, enhance financial auditing, and target areas to minimize costs (Hp 2009, p2). In the past few years, HMPS installed an Oracle-based financial system to centralize its financial reporting and accounting, and also to offer a wide and encompassing image of the financial activities of the prison service. This ensures that the personnel from various facilities and departments are conscious of the financial impacts when making decisions. Higher quality data management and improved transparency and a devoted focus of the finance resources on exceptional financial issues have led to the realization of the mentioned benefits (Hp 2009, p7). Improved financial transparency and accessibility of timely and meaningful f inancial data or information across the organization has enhanced decision-making thus, has led to better operational performance (Oracle 2009, p2). The United Kingdom (UK) sector has undergone significant changes in risk management. The UK criminological research on the prisons has not explored the manner in which the general corporate governance and the financial management at various levels of the prison sector, have been

Monsato Company †A Question in Agricultural Ethics Essay Example for Free

Monsato Company – A Question in Agricultural Ethics Essay Monsato Company is a Missouri-based company founded in 1901 by John F. Queeny and his wife Olga Monsato producing saccharine. In the mid-1940s, Monsato Co. began developing agricultural chemicals and throughout the 1960s and 1970s, herbicides were developed and introduced to the farmers. In 1981, a research group was established and the business’s primary focus was molecular biotechnology. In 1982, Monsato Co. bought Jacob Hartz Seed Co., a company known in the Midwest for its soybeen seeds. Also in 1982, scientists working for Monsato Co. produced the first genetically modified plant. In 1996, RoundUp Ready Soybeans were introduced possessing an in-seed herbicide. Several other in-seed herbicides are introduced in 1997 by Monsato Co. such as RoundUp Ready Cotton and RoundUp Ready Canola. Also introduced is an in-seed insect protection called YieldGard Corn Borer. In 1998, Monsato Co. combines the technology of in-seed herbicides with their in-seed insecticides into one product for its corn seed. In 2002, Monsato Co. identifies corn hybrids, which yield more ethanol per bushel than normal corn. Later this same year, they also identify a similar hybrid in their soybeans, which will produce more oil than a normal soybean. In 2004, Monsato Co. creates American Seeds, Inc (ASI) to support regional seed business with capital, genetics, and technology investments. In 2005, Monsato Co. acquires four companies Fontanelle Hybrids, based in Fontanelle, Neb, Stewart Seeds, based in Greensburg, Ind., Trelay Seeds, based in Livingston, Wis., and Stone Seeds, based in Pleasant Plains, Ill. In 2006, they acquire several other local seed companies, some family-owned, including Diener Seeds, Sieben Hybrids, Kruger Seed Company, Trisler Seed Farms, Gold Country Seed, Inc., Heritage Seeds and Campbell Seed. Over the next several years, they also acquire other local and regional companies and continue their research and development of genetically altered seeds. Over the course of a few decades, Monsato Co. has gone from a small company making saccharine to a Midwest agricultural giant manufacturing genetically altered seed. 1 A Possible Solution: Deregulation Although the idea of producing more crops with less cost, such as additional chemicals, pesticides, and herbicides may sound, the fact remains that Monsato Co. is not only toying with nature, they are also putting smaller family-owned companies out of business. In the past several years, organic foods have become more popular. Consumers want to feed their families healthy food, not food filled with chemicals. In 2005, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) decided to back Monsato and other biotech companies by supporting the deregulation of genetically engineered (GE) alfalfa. This would mean that the GE companies would have no restrictions on their technology and its use.2 Deregulation has its obvious problems. Organic crop company leaders, such as Stonyfield, Whole Foods, and OrganicValley believe that GE crops use a higher amount of toxins, herbicides, and water. Also the claims of higher crop yield will not be met and the price of this seed will be too costly for the average farmer. There is also the potential of cross-contamination of crops where a farmer using GE seed spreads the toxins to his organic neighbor through groundwater. This could lead to the organic farmer’s crops getting contaminated and his losing his license to sell organic products. Stonyfield and other organic companies opposed this ruling and in 2010 it went to the Supreme Court. The decision was that deregulation could not take place without the USDA making an environmental assessment of the genetically enhanced seeds used, and an injunction was put in place preventing the planting of GE alfalfa seeds. David and Goliath Biotech companies lobbied heavily in Washington. However, the smaller organic supporters caught the ear of the USDA and as a result persuaded them to conduct a meeting of the minds of both sides. The problem was clear – there was an incredible amount of support, political and financial, in favor of GE alfalfa. The result was that the UDSA would allow deregulation. The organic companies and farmers were faced with the fact that GE alfalfa was here to stay. What was left to fight over was whether it would be complete deregulation or one with restrictions. In their opinion, it was better to have some measure of control than no control at all, so the organic community stayed and fought. They brought to the table demands for reassurance that â€Å"(a) organic farmers whose crops become contaminated by GE alfalfa must be compensated by the patent holders for their losses due to losing their organic certification and (b) the USDA must oversee all testing and monitoring of GE crops t o ensure compliance as part of its role in protecting all US agriculture.† 3 The organic community won that portion of the battle. Conclusion The organic community may have won that battle, but they lost the war. Chemical companies and genetically engineered seed are a mainstay in today’s agriculture. Along with that they bring with them the potential for contaminated soil and damaged and lost crops of the small, everyday farmer. These farmers and family-owned businesses are being swallowed up on a regular basis. As the world’s population grows so does the demand for an ever increasing need of better, more enhanced, products. Technology provides us with the knowledge and growth for these, but in its wake leaves behind the things that matter very much to clean air, clean soil, fresh water and â€Å"pure† food. References 1) Monsato. (2010). Monsato. Retrieved from http://www.monsanto.com 2) Pearson, C. (2010, March). The Most Unethical Company is also Best Corporate Citizen. Cause Integration http://www.causeintegration.com/2010/ the-most-unethical-companyis-a-best-corporate-citizen-what-gives/ 3) Hirshberg, G. (2011, January). Speaking with One Voice to Stop Monsato and Biotech. Huffington Post, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/gary-hirshberg/speaking-with-one-voice-t_b_816447.html

Woolfs Advice for the Woman Artist :: Virginia Woolf, A Room of Ones Own

Women who want to escape the label "woman writer" (as opposed to writer--the masculine norm) have had to write like one of the boys, de-sexing themselves. Super-feminine lady writers, if they stick to their nice nook, will be both praised and despised for doing what comes naturally. But the woman writer who refuses these categories blows the scheme sky-high and incurs the wrath of the gods. (Michele Roberts in The Independent, 1997) Perhaps more than any other late-twentieth century British woman writer, Jeanette Winterson has taken to heart Woolf's advice in A Room of One's Own that "a woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction" (4), but Winterson has also, as Michele Roberts points out, "incur[red] the wrath" of the cultural gods as a result. Winterson has used her literary and financial success to secure a life centered around her work and her concerns-- much to the fascination and horror of the British literary establishment and popular press. Winterson challenges the established "rules" of writing, publishing, reviewing--in sum, the cultural expectations for the woman artist in British society--constructing her life in order to argue against, as Woolf does in AROO, two cultural myths: that the artist can remain aloof from the material concerns necessary for the production of art, and that gender and its attendant social roles do not influence the production of that art. Continual ly re-inserting her body, her gender, and her capital into their portrait, Winterson wrestles with the British press and literary establishment for the right to construct her social role-- and live her life--on her own terms. In following Woolf's advice for the woman writer, then, Winterson has struck a nerve in British culture, and the public response she elicits, I will argue, illustrates the persistence of gendered and class-based expectations for a woman artist in Britain today. Instead of tolerating Winterson as another Martin Amis or, in one reviewer's comparison, excusing her behavior as comparable to "old Papa [Hemingway]'s bravado" (Faulks 9), the press presents Winterson's decidedly un-feminine and nouveaux riche behavior with a combination of fascination and ire. Indeed, she is taken to task for the very circumstances which have allowed her to produce her art. Winterson may have garnered the proverbial L500 and a room of her own, but her self-presentation and her resulting representation in the British press encourage us to revisit Woolf's advice and cultural analysis of the woman artist in a patriarchal society with a contemporary eye. Woolf's Advice for the Woman Artist :: Virginia Woolf, A Room of One's Own Women who want to escape the label "woman writer" (as opposed to writer--the masculine norm) have had to write like one of the boys, de-sexing themselves. Super-feminine lady writers, if they stick to their nice nook, will be both praised and despised for doing what comes naturally. But the woman writer who refuses these categories blows the scheme sky-high and incurs the wrath of the gods. (Michele Roberts in The Independent, 1997) Perhaps more than any other late-twentieth century British woman writer, Jeanette Winterson has taken to heart Woolf's advice in A Room of One's Own that "a woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction" (4), but Winterson has also, as Michele Roberts points out, "incur[red] the wrath" of the cultural gods as a result. Winterson has used her literary and financial success to secure a life centered around her work and her concerns-- much to the fascination and horror of the British literary establishment and popular press. Winterson challenges the established "rules" of writing, publishing, reviewing--in sum, the cultural expectations for the woman artist in British society--constructing her life in order to argue against, as Woolf does in AROO, two cultural myths: that the artist can remain aloof from the material concerns necessary for the production of art, and that gender and its attendant social roles do not influence the production of that art. Continual ly re-inserting her body, her gender, and her capital into their portrait, Winterson wrestles with the British press and literary establishment for the right to construct her social role-- and live her life--on her own terms. In following Woolf's advice for the woman writer, then, Winterson has struck a nerve in British culture, and the public response she elicits, I will argue, illustrates the persistence of gendered and class-based expectations for a woman artist in Britain today. Instead of tolerating Winterson as another Martin Amis or, in one reviewer's comparison, excusing her behavior as comparable to "old Papa [Hemingway]'s bravado" (Faulks 9), the press presents Winterson's decidedly un-feminine and nouveaux riche behavior with a combination of fascination and ire. Indeed, she is taken to task for the very circumstances which have allowed her to produce her art. Winterson may have garnered the proverbial L500 and a room of her own, but her self-presentation and her resulting representation in the British press encourage us to revisit Woolf's advice and cultural analysis of the woman artist in a patriarchal society with a contemporary eye.

Odysseus :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Bond of Love There are many essential emotions that form the building blocks of our lives. These emotions help to shape the people that we are. These feelings are ones that are ultimately necessary to keep us happy. Nothing makes these feelings more evident than the Odyssey by Homer. Through out the course of this book there is one major emotional theme, which is love. Love is shown within a family, which chose to fight to keep their togetherness no matter how much that had to endure. One main strife in life is to be in search of a companion who makes us happy and for whom we would do anything. Odysseus and Penelope's lasting loyalty is an obvious representation of love in the Odyssey. Although Odysseus is gone for twenty years he never forgets his faithful wife in Ithaca. This love seems to help him persevere through the many hardships that he encounters on his journey home. On the other hand, Penelope too remains loyal to her beloved Odysseus no matter what happens. At home in Ithaca, she stays loyal to Odysseus by unraveling his shroud and delaying the possible marriage to one of the many suitors. She always keeps the hope that her love, Odysseus, will return. Odysseus and Penelope's marriage clearly illustrates the theme of love in the epic. The bond formed between father and son is another one of life's ways of showing love. This relationship is shown throughout the Odyssey. Telemachos's desperate search for his father, and Odysseus longing for his homeland and the warmth of his wife and son are prime examples. Although Telemachos knows not weather Odysseus is really his father, he still cares for him and the well being of what could be his father. When Odysseus hears of all the suitors devouring Telemachos's future fortune and mistreating him, he wants to return and do away with them. Odysseus, like any parent, also misses his only child while he is at war. Telemachos leaving Ithaca in search of knowledge of his father, not knowing anything about life on sea, shows his love for the father figure that he really needs. Odysseus :: essays research papers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Bond of Love There are many essential emotions that form the building blocks of our lives. These emotions help to shape the people that we are. These feelings are ones that are ultimately necessary to keep us happy. Nothing makes these feelings more evident than the Odyssey by Homer. Through out the course of this book there is one major emotional theme, which is love. Love is shown within a family, which chose to fight to keep their togetherness no matter how much that had to endure. One main strife in life is to be in search of a companion who makes us happy and for whom we would do anything. Odysseus and Penelope's lasting loyalty is an obvious representation of love in the Odyssey. Although Odysseus is gone for twenty years he never forgets his faithful wife in Ithaca. This love seems to help him persevere through the many hardships that he encounters on his journey home. On the other hand, Penelope too remains loyal to her beloved Odysseus no matter what happens. At home in Ithaca, she stays loyal to Odysseus by unraveling his shroud and delaying the possible marriage to one of the many suitors. She always keeps the hope that her love, Odysseus, will return. Odysseus and Penelope's marriage clearly illustrates the theme of love in the epic. The bond formed between father and son is another one of life's ways of showing love. This relationship is shown throughout the Odyssey. Telemachos's desperate search for his father, and Odysseus longing for his homeland and the warmth of his wife and son are prime examples. Although Telemachos knows not weather Odysseus is really his father, he still cares for him and the well being of what could be his father. When Odysseus hears of all the suitors devouring Telemachos's future fortune and mistreating him, he wants to return and do away with them. Odysseus, like any parent, also misses his only child while he is at war. Telemachos leaving Ithaca in search of knowledge of his father, not knowing anything about life on sea, shows his love for the father figure that he really needs.

Summation of “Desire: Intoxicationâ€Plant: Marijuana”

Plants produce a variety of chemicals for a variety of reasons. Most common is the production of a toxin to repel animals. The ancient Chinese and possibly other cultures became aware of the effect of marijuana by watching animals that had eaten flowers and seeds.Cultivation for human use began untold centuries ago and plant was used for clothing and fiber as well as for the â€Å"high† produced. Cultivation in the U.S. is illegal with rare exceptions. The author considers the illegality of cultivation to be a great reason why not to grow it; he relates a story of how he feared being busted years ago when growing some. He also spent time in Amsterdam researching this topic.Pot is legal in Amsterdam and it is the unofficial headquarters for pot growers. U.S. law prohibiting growing pot inadvertently caused growers to â€Å"go indoor†. Growers soon discovered the difference between cannabis sativa and cannabis indica; indica is easier to grow.Growers soon developed highly potent strains such as Purple Haze, Northern Lights, Skunk #1. The idea is to grow and clone only female plants as the unpollinated flower has the greatest potency. Indoor growers use high-pressure sodium and other exotic lights and grow hydroponically. Profits can be huge.There is much discussion on the popularity of pot as well as the effect on users. The effect can be considered transcendental, religious, empowering, etc. Note is made that the late scientist Dr. Carl Sagan had written anonymously about the virtues of pot.Most users report greater awareness and enhanced focus on what is at hand. The brain makes a chemical (cannabinoid) virtually identical to active ingredient THC; brain is very receptive to these chemicals. There are problems with short-term memory loss. Conclusion: humans like intoxication and gardens will provide it.

Relationship Between Regulation and Market Structures

The study of government regulation and the competitive environment for business is relevant to all those who study business. All business candidates need to understand how the competitive environment will impact their employers and businesses. A- There are four major pieces of legislation known as the Antitrust Laws. After the U. S. Civil War, local markets changed into national markets because of transportations were improved, mechanized production methods, and sophisticated corporate structures. In the 1870s and 1880s, many firms became dominant in different industries like meat packing, railroads, coal, and tobacco. These firms often consolidated their industries and over charged its customers. The government formed laws called antitrust Acts to help control these behaviors. * Sherman Act of 1890 was formed to be brief and directly to the point: * The government would investigate organizations and companies suspected in violation of the Sherman trust act to limit monopoly. Every person who shall monopolize, or attempt to monopolize, with any person or persons to monopolize any part of the trade or commerce shall be found guilty of a felony (as later amended from â€Å"misdemeanor†). The Clayton Act of 1914 contained the desired elaboration of the Sherman Act. * Outlaws price discrimination when such discrimination is not justified on the basis of cost differences and when it reduces competition. * Prohibits tying contracts, in which a company requires that a buyer purchase another of its products as a condition to purchase the desired product. * Prohibits the acquisition of stocks of competing corporations when the outcome would be less competition. * Prohibits a director of one firm to act as a board member of another firm where the effect would be reduced competition. The Federal trade commission act of 1914 * The act gave the Federal Trade commission (FTC) the power to investigate any competitive practices at the request of any firms or on its own initiative to discover any unfair competition in the industry. * The Celler-Kefauver Act of 1950 †¢The Celler-Kefauver Act amended the Clayton Act, Section 7. It prohibits the merger of firms by acquiring tis stock. The Act closed the loophole by making sure that one firm does not obtain the physical assets of another firm when the effect can reduce competition. B- The intended purpose of industrial regulation as it applies to the following market structures: 1. Oligopoly is small groups of firms control the market. For example: AT&T, Verizon, Sprint, and T-Mobile control the cell phone industry. Industrial regulation is used to reduce the market power of Oligopolies, to prevent collusion (where small firms secretly set prices) and increase market competition. 2. Monopoly is where one company control prices in the market where there no substitute to the product. Industrial regulations are used to prevent companies from monopolizing in given markets. C- The major functions of the three primary federal and state regulatory commissions that govern industrial regulation. 1- The federal energy regulatory commission in 1930 is the jurisdiction of electricity, gas, gas pipelines, oil pipelines, and water powered sites. The major function of the federal energy regulatory is to regulate the transmission and sale of natural gas, oil pipelines, and wholesale of electricity. There are other functions that involve license and inspect hydroelectric projects and monitor and investigate energy markets. – The federal communications commission was formed in 1934 in the jurisdiction of Telephones, television, cable television, radio, telegraph, CB radios, and ham operators. The major functions of the federal communication commission include processing applications for licenses, analyzing complaints, conducting investigations, developing and implementing regulatory programs, and taking part in hearings 3- State public utility commission is f ormed in the jurisdiction of electricity, gas, and telephones. The major function of State public utility commission is to regulates the rates and services of a public utility that include water, gas, and electricity D- Social regulation is intended to deal with the broader impact of business on consumers. The government established several agencies including equal employment opportunity commission and health administration protect consumers from businesses in the late 60s. The purpose of social regulation is for the government to oversee the safety and quality of goods or products as well as the conditions of these products are manufactured. E- There are five primary federal regulatory commissions that govern social regulation. 1- Food and drug administration (1906) has the jurisdiction and function over safety and effectiveness of food, drugs, and cosmetics. 2- Equal employment opportunity commission (1964) has the jurisdiction and function over hiring, promoting, and discharge of workers. – Occupational safety and health admiration (1971) has the jurisdiction and function over industrial health and safety. 4- Environmental protection agency has the jurisdiction and function over water, air, and noise pollution 5- Consumer product safety commission has the jurisdiction and function of safety of consumer products As a company, studding the law can help in saving money, time and efforts to stay productive in the market. All business candidates ne ed to understand how the competitive environment will impact their employers and businesses.

How Does Spielberg create fear and humour within ‘Jaws’?

The film â€Å"Jaws† was made in 1975 and was the film that brought the director Steven Spielberg his first major success. The film, with Spielberg as director, won three academy awards for editing, sound and original source. Spielberg, as a result of the film, became one of America's youngest multi millionaires. Spielberg was given $7,000,000 to spend as the films budget. This may not seem a large sum of money compared to the sort of money that is spent on films nowadays but, it was a very large sum of money to spend on a film in those days. The film received mostly positive reviews, there was the odd bad review, which was critical of Jaws not being able to make the audience feel sorry for the victims. The film is based on Peter Benchley's best selling novel, in which Jaws centres around the fictional North Atlantic resort island of Amity. A gigantic great white shark terrorizes the island. There are two killings at the beginning of the film, which brings in Matt Hooper, played by Richard Dreyfuss, an ichthyologist and oceanographer that is taken to Amity to help, using his expertise. Later on in the film, Amity's most respected and most feared shark hunter, the enigmatic, vaguely malicious Quint teams up with Matt Hooper and the chief of the Amity Police Department, Brody, to find and kill the enormous shark and save the town from financial disaster. Jaws has one of the best anti-heroes movies have ever seen, Quint played by Robert Shaw is humorous and is frightening all at once. His soliloquy in which he tells the others about the tragic sinking of the USS Indianapolis is a most chilling and unforgettable performance. As well as analysing the storyline and plot, many other aspects of the film should be analysed such as: digetic and non-digetic sound, camera angles and their effects and the use of props and setting. It would be impossible to analyse the entire film in such depth without producing an epic piece of writing, therefore for the purpose of this essay an indepth analysis of the second attack will be used to show how fear and humour are used. John William's had to make the music scary as the shark is not seen at the beginning therefore it needs the music to build suspense. It is instantly recognisable and almost as famous as the music from Physco. One of the reasons the music had to create the idea of the shark effectively was because, obviously Spielberg could not use a real shark. There was a mechanical model of a shark built (it was nicknamed â€Å"Bruce†). It created many problems. â€Å"Bruce† was made of polyurethane, was 24ft long and weighed 11/2 tons. On â€Å"Bruce's† first test, he sank, and on his second, he exploded. An inspection of the shark revealed that the shark was cross-eyed and its jaws would not shut. These problems compelled Spielberg to be more inventive and to hide the shark for as long as he could throughout the movie. The Stravinskian rhythms of John Williams's remarkable score created the idea of a menacing underwater killer. The fear that William's created meant that the horror of the Shark is left to the audience's imagination which is far scarier than anything the most creative special effects department could create. In the second attack, the camera is placed in front of Brody and characters walk in front of the camera, we get an interrupted view of the sea, like Brody does and this creates tension. There is an over the shoulder shot of a girl screaming, this prepares the audience for the attack. There is also digetic sound, such as splashing and the sound of laughter helps to build atmosphere of calm and fun. The close up of the people in the sea and screams build up the tension. The dog owner shouting his dog lets the audience know the shark is around. When we see the stick floating in the sea, that the owner of the dog has thrown, it is confirmed that the dog has been attacked, this builds the fear and tension for the audience as we know the little boy on the lilo is still out at sea. The non-digetic sound is the music and its effect is that we know the music represents the shark, we don't have to see it. The underwater shot also represents the shark with the views of children's legs which creates fear without seeing the shark itself. The climax of the music lets you know the attack will happen. The zoom in on Brody further heightens the fear. The victims are coded, Dog owner wears yellow, boy goes out to sea on yellow lilo and his mother wears a yellow hat. The police chief's nervousness and refusal to go near the water is first seen in comic terms by the islanders, but is gradually vindicated by a slow slippage of menacing imagery- a disappearing dog, an anxious mother and a sudden, gushing fountain of red that signals a fatal attack. This contrast between tension and humour creates a wave-like rollercoaster of emotion for the audience which has the effect of increasing the tension. Overall the film creates a rollercoaster effect, with the humour in the film given the audience a short respite in the tension. Which later further heightens the more tense movements and the attack. This is all done very cleverly because the use of non-digetic sound and shark view camera angles create tension and fear without actually seeing the shark and without seeing the attacks.

Genetically Modified Foods Pros and Cons Research Paper

Genetically Modified Foods Pros and Cons - Research Paper Example A proposed benefit of GMO foods is that they may produce higher crop yields. This could help in feeding more people in the developing countries. They remain cited as more economical, in spite of the initial higher price of the seeds. The logic stands that they reduce the application of pesticides and herbicides besides reducing the manpower required to successfully growing them, which should translate into better financial gains. Genetically modified foods have improved food quality as another benefit. A tomato, for example, may be engineered to have a long shelf life in the market being still fresh (Weasel 91). Yet another advantage that stays believed to happen from GMO technology is that crops may be engineered to resist weather extremes and fluctuations. This implies that they can provide adequate yields and quality despite poor weather conditions. Another benefit is that GMO foods may be engineered to possess a high content of specific nutrients that lack in diets of specific local population crowd. The vitamin A. rich, GMO â€Å"golden rice† exist as an example of a GMO food that got engineered to have high nutrient levels (Weasel 95). Similar to the advantages of GMO foods, there also exist disadvantages of that come along with the technology. One worrisome issue in GMO foods is the aptitude of food to cause an allergy in the human body. Some of the genes employed in GMO technology might be from food that triggers allergies in some individuals. Inserting that gene into a different organism could cause the hosting organism to take that allergen as a characteristic. Alternately, a new allergen may be produced when genes mixes across different species (Weasel 98). Another potential downside to GMO technology is that other relevant organisms in the ecosystem may be harmed, which could lead to a lower biodiversity level. By

Social effects of Telecommuting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social effects of Telecommuting - Essay Example This means that home is no longer seen to be a refuge from a hard day’s work, but an extension of the workplace. Such situations may be problematic for some individuals because it leads to an increase in work related stress and other psychological conditions. In addition, the traditional way through which people worked and interacted at the office is lost, since the close proximity and interpersonal interactions that could be achieved at the workplace is lost. Telecommuting encourages the isolation of an individual from any form of social life and this may be detrimental to such a person’s mental health (Burger, et al 39). However, despite this isolation, by telecommuting, individuals save plenty of time which they can use working, hence an increase in productivity. In addition, with the development of new information technologies every day, the aspect of complete isolation will be completely lost in a few years, since there will be a renewal of interaction between work ers through video technologies. Such technologies will ensure that workers are able to see each other without any need for physical interaction, meaning that most of the work related activities will still be able to be done in the comfort of one’s home (Dombrow 685).Moreover, telecommuting brings about changes in the working patterns of individuals, especially those who have other obligations besides work. Among these are parents, who, because of their ability to work at home, get to spend more time with their children., something that is often beneficial for the latter (Iscan and Naktiyok 53). In addition, telecommuting enables those individuals who would otherwise not have been allowed in the workforce, in most cases disabled people, to be able to work from the comfort of their own homes, and this ensures that their levels of self-esteem due to the work they are doing is high. Furthermore, the feeling of isolation that such individuals may have is often removed due to their not having to go through the cumbersome effort of having to get to the workplace. Instead, the easy access to video calls and other technologies enables them to be able to communicate easily with their fellow workers. Moreover, telecommuting gives individuals the opportunity to continue working way past the age when they would have thought of retiring, because they do not have to spend plenty of time getting to work, instead working from home. Therefore, it has ensured that many people past their retirement age have remained productive and they are not under any pressure to stop working. This has created a situation where the knowledge and skills of individuals with years of experience have been retained, not only for the benefit of the company for which they work, but also for the

Kaduna Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Kaduna Project - Assignment Example Additionally, the added space can offer a new central and financial district. Historically the North and South have divided on religious grounds; therefore, when the CBD is centralized it will be helped by the division. Conventionally, Africa has developed a focus on telecommunication and Agriculture. The Chinese have developed an interest by constructing the railways, setting up agriculture zones, setting aside the economic town development and city growth. They have also prioritized on farming and national park. Assuming the military refuses to give up the ground, a lot will be focused on the Central District by converting into the combination of commercial and residential and combining with the cultural centers that will assist in the medium growth rate scenario. On the map it has been mentioned that transport hubs, railways, and new road are present. The China government is putting up a railway that runs to Abuja. On the map, the railway connects the town center, to farming land, and runs to Abuja (Okoro, Chikuni and Govender, 2012). Therefore, the paper discusses and examines the development and planning challenges that face the area of Kaduna, Nigeria. The report will highlight issues like the current transport infrastructure, economic trend, land use, and the economic status to determine the spatial planning mechanisms that could be employed in helping the city grow and adapt over the coming years. Additionally, the paper draws on the forum discussions in addition spatial planning and independent analysis and spatial planning literature to offer a perspective vision of Kaduna in future. The paper will start by explaining the context of the region in respect to its economy, demographics and other crucial and fundamental issues. The paper will also discuss the SWOT analysis of the current state of Kaduna, and build the future scenarios found on it. The development and analysis portion will follow, looking how the spatial planning could be of help to Kaduna (Reuters Africa, 2010). Context In Nigeria, Kaduna is ranked third in population. The state occupies more than six million people; this is as per the 2006 census. The population of Kaduna in increasing at the rate of 3.3% annually, this is according to the National Planning Commission in 2006. Kaduna City is Kaduna City capital and it has 1.2 million people. The city of Kaduna is beneficially found within the state, and is found close to the geographical center and is important from closer proximity of a river that runs horizontally over the territory is described by the medium to low population density. Kaduna has few contextual limitations that are crucial for the spatial planning research carried out. For instance, one of the crucial factors facing the town is absence of public infrastructure. This entails water, waste, electricity, and drainage solution. Another critical challenge facing the city is the religious rivalry between the Christians and the Muslims populations. The N orthern part of the city is populated with Islam’s; in addition there is a huge number of Christian who also occupies the city. The religious rival

2pg response to a cultural experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

2pg response to a cultural experience - Essay Example India and Pakistan share almost similar cultural roots and most of the cultural practices are same and they tend to show the same kind of emotions and sentiments while interacting with people outside their own culture. One of the most striking things about this particular culture experience would be the fact that Pakistanis and Indians tend to share the same level of attitude towards life. They are not so disciplined as most of the people in west tend to be because their life is mostly haphazard in nature without any concrete planning in their life. The most important thing of my cultural experience with them was the fact they tend to view and honor women in more formal way as compared to the western people. Their respect and attitude towards women is entirely different as most of them are shy at disclosing their emotions and sentiments to them. Mostly you would find them shy and uncomfortable while talking to women. Their dresses are mostly comfortable and they prefer to wear cloths which provide more comfort than style. This distinguishes them because sometimes you may find them little bit more informal than usual as compared to Western people. My overall cultural experience has been excellent as it has been a learning experience for me. This is because of the fact that I have been able to learn an entirely different attitude towards life as whole and little things in general. India and Pakistan give you an excellent cultural experience to live and experience a culture which is more hospitable, little bit less tolerant, strict in it core beliefs as well as values and give a lot of attention to more closer bonds between

Critique Inferential Presentation-Statistics Essay

Critique Inferential Presentation-Statistics - Essay Example So, with ÃŽ ± = 0.05, the critical value of F in this analysis of variance test was F0.05 (1, 4) = 230. Since computed F (FC) is less than Tabulated F (FT), Ho is accepted. This is because the result of the â€Å"Analysis of Variance† (ANOVA) shows that the computed F (12.43) is less than the tabular values of F-statistics (230) at 0.05 degree of freedom (1, 4). This means that there is no significant difference between the variables of amounts claimed and amounts reimbursed in relation to â€Å"legitimate† expense claims. The resultant R Square 0.7565 is very close to 1 and it is above 0.75 which means that the correlation is near normal curve distribution, so, it is interpreted as very high positive correlation. Thus, in percentile (%), 75.65 is an indicator of significant relationship between the variables of amounts claimed and amounts reimbursed in relation to â€Å"legitimate† expense claims. Finally, the R square of 0.756494365is quite near to the adjusted R square 0.695617957. This means that the regression model approximately fits the data. The variables of amounts claimed and amounts reimbursed in relation to â€Å"legitimate† expense claims are not significant in the full regression equation. This is because the p-value of the two variables is not equal to zero. All of the test statistic values were very close to 1.96 which means that the hypothesis is rejected. The test statistics value of the Y-Intercept is z = 140.868609 / 26.70413145 = 5.275161606. The value falls near in the right rejection region. The test statistics value of P Claimed (250.5) = 0.283748969/ 0.0804926= 3.525155969. The value falls near in the right rejection

My Future Essay Example for Free

My Future Essay In the future I see myself studying The Natural Science Program, hopefully with a friend through my years in High School. After school I want to study into becoming a doctor, probably in another country than Sweden, hopefully France, which will be interesting. It will probably take up a lot of my free time but it will be worth it in the end. I will probably study alongside a friend, having him as my roommate which hopefully will make my studies enjoyable. Hopefully I’ll have a beautiful girlfriend while I’m studying to encourage me alongside my mother. I wouldn’t like to get married until I’m like 25 years old, any younger I would consider it kind of weird and I would want to enjoy the bachelor life a while before getting married On my spare time I would go out and meet some French girls and hang out with some friends. I’d like my life to be adventurous and fun, but that would be kind of hard to achieve due to the fact that studying to a doctor would take up a lot of my time. After I have achieved the job as a doctor or if I achieve it I will buy a nice house and a nice car that hopefully will attract girls. ï Å  When or if I become a father I do not want to become the over protective type just because of the fact that I don’t like when my parents behave that way for me, but I will set some boundaries. But of course I also know that it is for my own best, they do it because they love me.

Invention Of The Radio | History

Invention Of The Radio | History Many inventions have changed America but perhaps none more than the radio. Most of us take the radio for granted, not taking a second thought when we turn on the radio in our car or in our house. However in the late 1800s wireless communication seemed like a thing from outer space and the only way to communicate with someone over long distances was if there was a telegraph wire going to them. Some scientists thought there must be a way to communicate without wires, and this idea eventually produced the discovery of radio waves and the invention of the radio. The radio was used to great effect by the government who immediately saw the potential in communicating wirelessly. It wasnt long before the radio got into almost every American home where it changed how people relaxed, got information, and listened to music. The radio was a major tool during the Second World War and during the great depression. Without the radio our world would be much different, we wouldnt have microwaves, cord less phones, remote controlled toys, television broadcasts and many other things we take for granted. The true inventor of the radio has been greatly disputed mainly between Nikola Tesla and Guglielmo Marconi who have some of the earliest patents for the radio and did some of the first public displays of radio waves. At the time radio communication was called wireless telegraphy and many scientists around the world including but not limited to Julio Cervera Baviera, Alexander Popov, and Ernest Rutherford were working on it (United States early Radio history). In the end radio technology was a product of several different discoveries done by several great scientists. The base of the invention of the radio is the discovery of radio waves Invention of the radio 4 which are just electromagnetic waves that can transmit sound, pictures and other things Invisibly (The Invention of Radio). Marconi was the first to send radio signals in 1896 and build a working radio. He only sent the encoded signal about one mile but none the less he was the first (history of the radio). Tesla who is also credited with the radio was the first person to draw up a model of a radio however he never actually made a working radio. Marconi further advanced his radio and was able to send a message over long distances (the invention of the radio). Some people think that Nathan B. Stubblefeild a farmer from Kentucky made a radio capable of sending sound four years before Marconi transmitted radio signals. They say that he didnt want to demonstrate his invention to the public out of fear that it might be stolen and when he was found dead in 1929 his radio equipment was missing (The History of Radio). The radio was first thought to be used mainly for land to ship and ship to ship communication which is more like walkie talkies than radio stations. It was used by the coast guard who before radio had been using light signals and homing pigeons for communication. In 1901 radios were set up on five of the Hawaiian Islands and in 1909 Robert E. Peary an arctic explorer radio telegraphed; I found the pole (the invention of radio). The NAVY quickly saw the potential of the radio and put on all of their ship and along the coast line. At this time most radios just sent code or data rather than the sound of pictures were used to today (the golden age of radio). Very few citizens had a radio at this time but this changed dramatically very quickly. Invention of the radio 5 At this time in American history if someone wanted to get some entertainment they had to go out on the town and see a play and if they wanted to hear about what was happening in Washington they had to read a newspaper which wasnt always available. Once the radio found its way into almost every persons home by the 1920s it was an instant hit and everyone was fighting to get on the air and get heard (American radio history). People no longer had to leave their house to be entertained and they could hear about the weather or news from the comfort of their own home. The dust bowl was happening during this radio craze and many families would choose to keep their radio before many other things because it was something that they could sit down around as a family and listen for information about what was happening outside of their world (USA early radio history). They felt that the radio was one way they could have a connection to a world much different or better than theirs (History of the radio). Receiving information wasnt the only thing the radio is good for. There was an explosion of radio drama stations which are much like the modern day soap operas you see on TV. Radio drama was born in 1927 when many radio stations began reading short stories and even writing original scripts for broadcast (A brief history of radio in America). During many radio broadcasts they would play music and in-between the songs they would have people keep up a patter to distract the listener but people started to like these short talking periods. After a while there were just shows where people would act out a script for a story that would progress as the show went on. These radio dramas peeked in the 1940s and have been a dead form entertainment ever since. One thing the radio did for the United States in the early 1900s is it connected the people and the government in a way never before thought of. Most people will read about Invention of the radio 6 Roosevelts fire side chats however there are still some who still remember listening to them. Roosevelt began using the radio to broadcast his himself across the county which let people listen to the actual voice of the president. This doesnt seem like a big deal today since our President is on the news quite often but in the early nineties people only saw pictures and couldnt put a voice to it (How did the radio change America). The radio was a powerful thing, it helped Churchill lead his country through WWII and Hitler would arrest people who listened or promoted radio stations that said things he didnt like (History of the radio). Putting something on the radio wasnt like saying something on television. When ones voice is the only thing the person on the other side gets one must to make every word count. Roosevelt and countless other radio stars couldnt rely on fancy video editing or their looks and body language for catching the interests of their audiences. This form of entertai nment really brought out the best actors and speakers because of the simplicity of it. The radio may well be one of the biggest turning points in America. This is surprising since many of us think of something like the Hadron Collider when scientific turning point is mentioned. However the radio led the way to countless other discoveries and inventions. The radio doesnt have a singular inventor mainly because of the amount of technology that goes into the radio. The first use of the radio was for simple data for naval usage. The radio its self and the ways it was used expanded from the seas to the house hold and every US NAVY boat. Radio not only changed the speed at which we communicate it changed the way people received news, got entertained, and opened jobs for thousands of people in the radio business. Invention of the radio 7 One of the biggest changes the radio had on the world and on the US was the way it changed the way nation leaders communicated with their citizens and how they led them through hard times. Over all the radio has changed the world and the united states in countless ways for ever.